Winter of '69: Computer Networking
Pre '69
1957: USSR launches Sputnik. US forms the ARPA
1958: Modulator-Demodulator (MoDem). Researchers at the Bell labs invent the modem. modem converts digital signals to electrical (analog) signals and back. Thus enabling communication between computers.
1961: Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" (May 31) First paper on packet-switching (PS) theory.
"Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator."
1965: TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and AN/FSQ-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) via a dedicated 1200bps phone line. Lawrence G. Roberts was the project leader.
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer at ARPA later added to form "The Experimental Network".
Ted Nelson coins the term: "hypertext" and "hyperlink" to refer to the structure of a computerized information system through which a user can navigate "non sequentially". Or without a pre-structured search path, ad libitum...
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awrded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs)
--------------------------Winter of '69---------------------------
First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker (7 April)
1957: USSR launches Sputnik. US forms the ARPA
1958: Modulator-Demodulator (MoDem). Researchers at the Bell labs invent the modem. modem converts digital signals to electrical (analog) signals and back. Thus enabling communication between computers.
1961: Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" (May 31) First paper on packet-switching (PS) theory.
"Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator."
1965: TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and AN/FSQ-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) via a dedicated 1200bps phone line. Lawrence G. Roberts was the project leader.
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer at ARPA later added to form "The Experimental Network".
Ted Nelson coins the term: "hypertext" and "hyperlink" to refer to the structure of a computerized information system through which a user can navigate "non sequentially". Or without a pre-structured search path, ad libitum...
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awrded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs)
--------------------------Winter of '69---------------------------
Nodes are brought up as BBN builds each IMP [Honeywell DDP-516 mini computer with 12K of memory]; AT&T provides 50kbps lines
- Node 1: UCLA (30 August, hooked up 2 September)
- Function: Network Measurement Center
- System,OS: SDS SIGMA 7, SEX
- Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) (1 October)
- Network Information Center (NIC)
- SDS940/Genie
- Doug Engelbart's project on "Augmentation of Human Intellect"
- Node 3: University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) (1 November)
- Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics
- IBM 360/75, OS/MVT
- Node 4: University of Utah (December)
- Graphics
- DEC PDP-10, Tenex
Backbones: 50Kbps ARPANET - Hosts: 4
First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker (7 April)
RFC 4: Network Timetable
First packets sent by Charley Kline at UCLA as he tried logging into SRI. The first attempt resulted in the system crashing as the letter G of LOGIN was entered. (October 29)
Univ of Michigan, Michigan State and Wayne State Univ establish X.25-based Merit network for students, faculty, alumni
Post '69
1970: ALOHAnet, the first packet radio network, developed by Norman Abramson, Univ of Hawaii, becomes operational (July) connected to the ARPANET in 1972.
1972: 15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames
Reference: Internet and Past
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