((( An Incommunicable World )))

Q. what is a broadside array? Ans. a no. of parallel identical elements are set-up along a line drawn perpendicular to their axis. each individual element is equally spaced along that line and each element is fed with current of equal magnitude and of equal phase. Q. what are the factors that regulates the shape of a beam? Ans. 1. spacing between the array elements (d)          2. magnitude of current in the array element ()          3. phase of current in the array element          4. length of the array element Q. if you have to rename Yagi-Uda antt, what would you name it? Ans. a customized broadside array antt. Q. why microwaves are called so? Ans. the prefix micro- in microwave is not meant to suggest a wavelength in the micrometer range. It indicates that microwaves are "small", compared to waves used in typical radio broadcasting, in that they have shorter wavelengths. they ranges from 1...

Q. what is a broadside array? Ans. a no. of parallel identical elements are set-up along a line drawn perpendicular to their axis. each individual element is equally spaced along that line and each element is fed with current of equal magnitude and of equal phase. Q. what are the factors that regulates the shape of a beam? Ans. 1. spacing between the array elements (d)          2. magnitude of current in the array element ()          3. phase of current in the array element          4. length of the array element Q. if you have to rename Yagi-Uda antt, what would you name it? Ans. a customized broadside array antt. Q. why microwaves are called so? Ans. the prefix micro- in microwave is not meant to suggest a wavelength in the micrometer range. It indicates that microwaves are "small", compared to waves used in typical radio broadcasting, in that they have shorter wavelengths. they ranges from 1...

scope of telecom lies but limited in radio spectrum i.e. 3 Hz to 3000 GHz (3 THz). Print (text and image) Radio (AM and FM; only audio) TV (audio and video) GSM works at the boundary of radio and microwave spectrum 380 MHz 450 MHz 850 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 1900 MHz !dea Cellular  uses GSM900 as 3G:  824 MHz to 960 MHz GSM1800 as 2G: 1710 MHz to 2180 MHz 1 GHz - 2 GHz [L]: cell phones (2G, 3G and above), GPS 1176.45 MHz (10.23 MHz × 115) GPS, L5 1227.60 MHz (10.23 MHz × 120) GPS, L2 1575.42 MHz (10.23 MHz × 154) GPS, L1 lower frequencies allow carriers to provide coverage over a larger area, while higher frequencies allow carriers to provide service to more customers in a smaller area. 0 Hz: Direct Current 25 Hz: o/p freq. of 12 pole 250 RPM 2 phase generators @  the Niagara Falls , built by Westinghouse in 1895 50 Hz : hi-frequency alternating current (India, Europe) 60 Hz : hi-frequency alternating current (Brazil, US) 400 Hz : ...

directional (monodirectional, bidirectional, and multidirectional) omnidirectional (falsely called as, non-directional*) there is no non-directional antt as such.  each antt points in some or the other direction.  antts. ranges from 'atleast in one direction' to 'atmost in all directions' mono-source (point-source or single-element-antt.**) multi-source (array-of-point-source or multielement-antt.**) if it is non-directional, it must be having a single element antt. if it is directional, it must be having an array of point source active antt: transmitting antt or transmitter (or, radiator) passive antt: receiving antt or receiver naturally, antt not only radiates, but also receives.  it radiates as per the received info. and receives as per the radiated info. its like reflex mechanism of a living body (respond to a stimulus and stimuli to a response) hi-directivity antt. (long distance comm. antt.) lo-directivity antt. (short distance comm. ant...

techn. or techns. - technician(s) er. or ers. - engineer(s) ID or IDs - IDentification(s) ifo - in front of awa - as well as gnd or GND: GrouND doc or docs - document(s) antt. - antenna satt. - satellite radn - radiation COM or comm. - communication com - commercial info - information ∈ - element ⊂ - child of, part of, subset of (⊄, ⊇) ⊃ - parent of ∅ - null ∪ - union of, mingled together, meshed together, blended ∩ - intersection of, common area mono- is greek for latin's uni- poly- is greek for latin's multi- di- is greek for latin's bi- tetra- is greek for latin's quadri- hemi- is greek for latin's semi- hexa- is greek for latin's sexa- hepta- is greek for latin's septa- iso- is greek for latin's equi- holo- is greek for english's whole Α   α Alpha            a Β   β Beta               b Γ   γ Gamma           g Δ   δ Delta    ...

sin 0 = 0 sin 90 = 1 cos 0 = 1 cos 90 = 0 sine is a ratio. a ratio of the vertical height (altitude/perpendicular) to the slant height (slope/hypotenuse). co-tangent is reciprocal of sine. co-sine is a ratio. a ratio of the horizontal height (length or base) to the slant height (slope/hypotenuse). secant* is reciprocal of co-sine. tangent is a ratio of the vertical height (altitude) to the horizontal height (length or base). co-secant is reciprocal of tangent. reciprocal of tangent is co-secant i.e. cosec inverse of tangent is arc-tangent i.e. arctan or atan or tan^(-1) _____________ of tangent is hyperbolic-tangent i.e. tanh inverse of ______________ of tangent is area-hyperbolic-tangent i.e. artanh or atanh or arctanh *secant, in geometry, is a straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points.  sine or sinus means 'cavity' tangent means 'to touch lightly' secant means 'to cut'  co- means 'mutual' hig...

Radiation Pattern and Beam Area Beam Area Directivity Power Gain Antenna Aperture Effective Area and Effective Height Oscillating Dipoles and their Fields SNR Space Temperature Cosmic Noise Antt. Impedence Maxwell's Recipe Near Field- Far Field Poynting Vector Omnidirectional Isotropic Linear Array Amplitude Spectrum Analyzer Max. Usable Frequency Min. Usable Frequency Optimum Usable Frequency hop multipath ionozation

John Daniel Kraus [Michigan, US] Ronald J. Marhefka [Ohio, US] C. L. Yu W. D. Burnside M. C. Gilreath Sanjeev Gupta

docs required: A request e-mail to the Owner of the ground or roof from the Vendor (Indus/Ericsson/Idea) mentioning the full name of Technicians/Engineers alongwith required/estimated access hours and access location (site name, site IDs) The Corporate ID A Govt. ID Xerox of Corporate ID Xerox of Govt. ID Permissions from the Head-of-Operations of the ground or roof Permissions from the Security In-charge of the ground or roof now, you may get successful access to the site

Philosophy (means, love of wisdom) Physics (means, knowledge of nature) Philosophy of Nature (qualitative reasoning and explanations about nature) (included subjects such as  astronomy, medicine and physics) 10th: Natural Science 12th: Modern Science significant subjects taught to us at UPTU that lead to the birth and growth of telecom are as follows. they are followed by their respective UPTU examination code. [AS-102] Engineering Physics [EE-101] Electrical Engineering [EC-404] Network Analysis and Synthesis [EC-303] Signals and Systems [EC-305] Sensor and Instrumentation [EC-402] Electromagnetic Field Theory [EEC-502] Principles of Communications [EEC-504] Antenna and Wave Propagation [EEC-601] Digital Communication [EEC-602] Digital Signal Processing [EEC-603] Microwave Engineering [EC-201] Electronics Engineering (e-Devices, e-Ckts., μProcessors, μControllers, e-CAD [EC-302] Digital Design [EC-403] Computer Architecture and Organisation ...

alien terms i am hearing around me for the very first time... RRU [/aar:aar:youh/] expands for Remote Radio Unit Ref:  Product Description for RBS 6601 RBS 6000 M&C RBS 6601 HW Installation Guide ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IP-55 [/aai:pee:pach-pan/] is an outdoor cabinet that provide shelter to telecom network equipments. It is placed outside BTS. It is usually designed waterproof. IP stands for Ingress Protection. It is actually an standard (a two-digit number established by the International Electro Technical Commission ) Ref: http://www.mpl.ch/info/IPratings.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DUG Card [/duck:kard/] expands for Digital Unit GSM Ref: Radio Base Station  (RBS) ---------------------------------------------------...

about me: hello world! i have a lust for knowing telecom. i just wonders how this voice and data things go wireless and do magic. i am intern at  Rawelcom Engineering Pvt. Ltd , a telecom service provider situated at the most concentrated telecommunication circle of India, with teledensity of around 3 times (i.e. 240%) to that of the avg. tele-density of the entire nation. That means around 5 telephones per 2 persons.    i had also been referred for an industrial training (as a curricular compulsion) at Airports Authority of India, IGI Airport- New Delhi,  through a friend. more about me: i guess, i watched a telecom tower while i was around 8 or 10 year old, while i was moving from my town to my city. it was installed at a quasi-ruptured and mossed government building alloted to BSNL. i first met telecom tower around the age of 12 or 13, while sb got ready to lease his ground-space to rig a tower over there. i with my friends used to go and play t...